What is Anaemia?
Anaemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of healthy red blood cells, which are essential for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, a crucial protein that facilitates oxygen transport to tissues. A shortage of haemoglobin or a decrease in red blood cells can lead to inefficient oxygen utilization, impairing organ function and overall health.
Anaemia can arise from various causes, including:
- Iron deficiency (the most prevalent cause)
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency
- Chronic illnesses (such as kidney disease, cancer, and inflammatory conditions)
- Genetic disorders (hereditary conditions like sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia)
- Blood loss (due to heavy menstrual bleeding, internal bleeding, or surgical procedures)
Symptoms of Anaemia
Anaemia manifests through a variety of symptoms, some of which are outlined below:
1. Persistent Fatigue and Lethargy
One of the hallmark symptoms of anaemia is feeling perpetually tired and lethargic. This occurs due to the body’s inability to obtain sufficient oxygen, leading to diminished energy levels and rapid fatigue. Experiencing exhaustion even during everyday activities is a strong indicator of iron deficiency anaemia.
2. Pale Skin and Appearance
Haemoglobin in red blood cells imparts a reddish tint to the skin. A lack of haemoglobin results in a pale and lacklustre complexion. Check the palms, under the nails, lips, and inner eyelids for paleness, which could signal anaemia.
3. Shortness of Breath and Rapid Breathing
Reduced oxygen levels in the blood prompt the body to work harder to deliver adequate oxygen to organs. If you experience breathlessness while climbing stairs, walking, or doing light exercise, it might be indicative of anaemia. Feeling winded and needing frequent breaks during physical activities can also suggest this condition.
4. Dizziness and Fainting Spells
Anaemia can reduce the amount of oxygen reaching the brain, leading to dizziness, blurred vision, and even fainting. If you frequently experience dizziness or feel unsteady when standing up suddenly, anaemia might be the cause.
5. Heart Palpitations and Irregular Heartbeats
Anaemia forces the heart to pump blood more vigorously to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. This can manifest as heart palpitations, irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), and sometimes chest pain. In individuals at risk of heart disease, chronic anaemia can exacerbate cardiac issues.
6. Cold Hands and Feet
Insufficient oxygen supply to the extremities can result in coldness, numbness, and tingling in the hands and feet, which are common signs of anaemia.
Decreased oxygen supply to the brain can weaken cognitive functions, leading to forgetfulness, poor concentration, and difficulty focusing. If you struggle with attention during study or work, consider evaluating for anaemia.
8. Weak Nails and Hair
Iron-deficiency anaemia can cause hair thinning and brittle nails. Look for signs such as ridging, spoon-shaped thinning, and pale nail colour as indicators of anaemia.
9. Appetite Loss and Digestive Issues
Anaemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency often presents with appetite loss and digestive symptoms. Nausea, constipation, or diarrhoea may also signal anaemia.
Steps to Take When Anaemia Symptoms Appear
If you suspect you have anaemia, consider the following steps:
Undergo a Blood Test:
Consult with a healthcare provider to perform a complete blood count (CBC) test to confirm anaemia.
Check Iron, B12, and Folic Acid Levels:
Since anaemia frequently stems from nutrient deficiencies, assess your vitamin and mineral levels.
Incorporate Iron-Rich Foods:
Consume iron-rich foods such as red meat, liver, eggs, spinach, lentils, and legumes to combat anaemia.
Boost Vitamin C Intake:
Foods rich in vitamin C, such as oranges, tangerines, and lemons, can enhance iron absorption.
Limit Caffeine Consumption:
Caffeinated beverages like tea and coffee can hinder iron absorption, so avoid consuming them with meals.
While anaemia symptoms may be mistaken for simple fatigue, they can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. If you experience symptoms like rapid fatigue, dizziness, pale skin, and shortness of breath, it is crucial to seek medical advice!
